Up coal



5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

'Patented Nov. 2, 1886.

IUIIII! o. BURINBITs 'MINING WBDGB 0R TOOL POR BREAKING U1?l GOAL, &c. 1\I0.v351,850Im (No Model.) y 5 sheets-sheet 2. C. BURNBTT. MINING WBDGB 0R TOOL POR BREAKING-UP GOAL,` 6m.-

No. 351,850. l Patented Nov. 2, 1886.

N. PETERS. Phozo-Lmwgnpher. wnsninxwn, D. c.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

C. BURNETT.- 'MINING WBDGB 0R T901. FOR BRBAKINGAUP GOAL, am.

VFlon.

(No Model.) sneets-sheet 4.

C. BURNETT.

MINING WEDGB 0R TOOL POR BREAKING UP GOAL, Nw. No. 351,850. Patented Nov. 2, 1886.

' Fl G. 8.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

(No Model.)

G. BURNETT. MINING WBDGN 0N Toon I-"oN BREAKING UI ooAI., on.

No. 351,850. Patented Nov. 2, 1886.

f y i m W I NNI NI I :-E g L ....I. Q I v Wwwww//II l y% No@ v IN IN 6 j# UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CUTHBERT BURNETroF HAn'rLEPooL, COUNTY or DURHAM, ENGLAND.

A MINING WEDGE OR TOOL FOR BREAKING UP COAL, &c.

SPECIFICATION forming pai-t` of Letters Patent No. 351,850, dated November 2, 1886.

Application filed March 9, 1886. Serial No. 194.625. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known thatl, CUTHBERT BURNETT, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Hartlepool, in the county of Durham, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Mining Wedges -or Tools for Breaking up Coal or other Mineral, of which the following is a specification.

This invention consists of a mining-wedge forbreaking up coal and other minerals in which a wedge-shaped jambing-bar inclosed between para'llel bars or feathers, or a parallel jambing-bar inclosed between taper bars, ora taper jambing-bar inclosed between taper bars, is combined with anti-friction rollers or balls so arranged and operating by the rollers ascending onthe inclined surfaces as to produce expansion of the bore-hole andbursting the walls of same, suitable means being provided for actuating the jambing-bar relatively to the feathers and rollers, all as hereinafter described;

In-the accompanying drawings I have shown at Figure 1,in vertical longitudinal section, a mining wedging-tool with the key or handle for actuating the ratchet of the threaded nut, and at Fig. 2 a cross -section on line x y of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3, a cross-section on line x y of the same figure. Fig. 4 is a vertical transverse section showing position of bore-hole in mass of coal into which the instrument is introduced. This figure is drawn to a reduced scale to the previous gures. Fig. 5 shows in vertical longitudinal section, on a larger scale than Fig. l, the outer or front end of the wedging apparatus, showing the compound ratchet-brace. Figs. '6 and 7 are an end view and vertical cross-section, respectively, of the same. Fig. 8 is a sectional side elevation of a modified arrangement of the outer or front end of the wedging apparatus, and Fig. 9 a plan of same. Figs. l0 and llare respectively part sectional side view and plan of the ratchet lever or handle detached. Y

The saine letters refer to like parts in all the gures.

Referring specially to Figs. 1 to 7, A is the wedge, formed or provided at or in continuation of the end of the screw, and madethinner 5o at its screw end and thicker at its other end, where it is formed with an enlargement or head, AX. This screw and wedge-bar, convenientl y made with a plain or parallel part, A', between the wedge A and the screw A2, is iuclosed between two bars or feathers, B and BX, which are placed in the bore-hole. 'For this purpose I makethem of a channelsection, as shown in Fig. 2-that is to say, with a ledge or rib on each sida-which inclose the wedge-bar, and thus, while affording greatly- 6o increased strength, serve also to keep the rollers C in place sidewise, thus enabling me to dispense'with a frame in which the rollers are mounted.

Instead of the feathers being riveted into the flange or shoulder D, resting against the face of" the coal, I prefer either to dovetail the feathers into the shoulder or flange D or provide them, as-herein shown, with T-heads fitting into corresponding recesses in the flange D. 7o These bars are from near the end formed with a long easy taper inside, and the bottom bar, BX, which has to bear4 the greater weight or strain, is made stronger than the top bar, B, as shown, and the rollers Cor balls are placed in the intervals between the inner taper bar, A, and the two outer taper bars, B and BX.

There are shoulders at b-b and at AX and A for keeping the rollers in. A nut, E, placed on the screw and abutting against the ends of 8o the. two outer bars, gives facility for pulling the inner wedge-bar, A, out toward the face of the coal, whereby the rollers C, while ascending on the inclines of the inner taper bar, A, and the inclines of the outer taper bars, B and B ,will force the two latter apart, thus bursting the bore-hole. The nut E is formed with a flange, which is held in place against the flange D by means of a bearing-plate, EX, and two (or more) bolts, D2, the shoulder Dand 9c plates EX having lugs therefor, as shown. To turn the nut E, I employ the following appliance:

On the nut I provide a square, E2, for a ratchet handle or lever to fit on. The ratchetlever may suitably be about two feet in length,

and preferably constructed as shown in Figs.

10 and 11,which can conveniently be operated in alimited space. In this manner the wedge isworked in the first instance as far as possi- Ioc ble; but when ythe work becomes too hard to be conveniently done I use a supplementary purchase and lever. For this purpose I take the ratchet-lever off the square FF and iirst lock the nut77 or ratchet-wheel K2, Figs. 10 and l1, by means of the pawl K5, and now use the ratchet-lever as an ordinary lever and ap ply it to the square H4 of thelever H; or I may use an ordinary lever fitting the square H4 as a supplementary lever.

The nut E is provided with a pawl-wheel, E', the pawl F for which is fitted in a fork,G, swiveling on the plain parts of the nut E like a ratchet-brace, and the fork G is provided with a camlike slot, G, for a bush or boss, forming a lever, H, to work in, which boss is fitted with the square H for the ratehetlever K, (or supplementary lever.) This boss or lever H is mounted freely on a pin, D', fixed to an armor bracket, DX, extending from the ilange D, which is secured to the ends of the two aforesaid lateral bars BBX, and has asegmental edge incision,which fits the circumference of a smaller roller, H, also mounted freely on a pin which is fixed in the fork end H H2 of the lever H. This roller H3 works in the cam-slot in the fork G. As the ratchet or supplementary lever is worked the boss of the lever H will,with the edge of its segmental excision,mount on the other or smaller roller, H, and thus move the latter in and with the fork G, in which it is placed, and therewith also the pawl F, connected thereto, thus turning the pawl-wheel E. In the return-stroke of the lever on the square HAL the boss H will resume its iirst position in the-slot in the fork G. By this construction of parts I obtain an increased power in direct proportion to the ratio of leverage between the lever H and lever G, the ratio of leverage being nearl y uniform,while the whole is self-contained.

By the improved form of the feathers B BX, and thus also doing away with a frame or carriage in which the rollers are to be mounted, the apparatus is much reduced in size, so that the hole into which it is inserted is drilled much smaller. The friction is alsomuch reduced, while the general efficiency and convenience of the apparatus is enhanced. The wedgebar, it will be seen, travels double the distance of the rollers. I thus obtain twice the power of any other wedge of the same taper and length of taper and pitch of screw. The wedge might be made double; but such increase of power I do not at present want. It will also be understood that the improvements hereinbefore described are also applicable to a wedge-shaped jambing bar with parallel feathers, or to a parallel jambing-bar with taper feathers.

Referring again to the ratchet-lever shown in Figs. 10 and 1l, K is the handle of same, the head of which is formed with a fork earrying between its two prongs K K the ratchet-wheel K, the proj eeting cylindrical bosses K3 of which revolve in bearings formed. by the said prongs K K.

Pivoted to the base of the fork, on one side, there is a pawl, K4, for rotating the ratchetwheel K, and kept to its work by a spring, and on the other side is pivoted a hooked catch, K, by which the ratchet-wheel K2 may be locked with the handle when desired, as already explained. By this construction of ratchet-lever I 1nay,when applied to the square end of the crank H, obtain such an advantageous relative position for the handle K as may be found most convenient forthe effective operation of same without shifting the handle from either of the square ends, whichever it might at the time be applied to; also, by locking the ratchet-wheel with the handle by means of eatch-pawl K5, (it being observed that the base of the teeth of the ratchet is somewhat square-cut,) I- am enabled to use this handle as an ordinary plain handle, and for operating on either of the square ends, left or right.

The modified wedge apparatus shown in Figs. 8 and 9 differs from that shown in Figs. l, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7 in that conical rollers L are interposed between the flange or shoulder D and the fiange end of the nut E for the purpose of materially diminishing the friction at this place. Fig. 9 also shows more clearly the holes for the Theads of the feathers or bars B BX.

The application and action of my improved mining wedging-tool in, say, for instance, the ordinary coal-mining operations is as follows: The coal having been cut away at its lower part and the wedge hole or holes drilled, as shown by Fig. 4, the wedging appliance is inserted into such a hole as shown at Fig. l. The ratchet handle or key K is then affixed onto the square El, formed 011 the extended portion ofthe nut E, which latter is thereby rotated,

'and the said nut E, bearing against the shoulder D, will begin to withdraw the wedge A. The operator will continue this, I may say, direet action of the handle K on the square end Ez of the nut E until more power is required than can be thus directly obtained. He then shifts the handle or key onto the square H of the` forked crank H, and by imparting successive to-and-fro partial rotations to saine the roller IF, acting against the cam -slot G of the fork G, will cause the pawl F on the fork G to pass, say, a tooth at cach oscillation caused by the motion given to the crank H, and thus very great power will be obtained, and thereby causing the final bursting of the bore-hole, with, of course, a proportionate loss of speed in the motion. The wedge-bar A is prevented from being withdrawn too far, and so allowing the rollers to pass its larger end, by said end A being swelled out or enlarged, and the ends b of the outer bars, B BX, being also enlarged or bent inward, as al ready stated, this latter formation of the bars B B further preventing the rollers escaping, as already eX- plained, when the bar A is in the position shown at Fig. l.

I claim-- 1. The inner jambingbar having one long tapering portion, A, and shoulders AX A0 aty the respective ends of the taper, in combination with the long tapering bars' or feathers B BX, with shoulders b and Hange abutting against the face of the coal,and ranges of numerous anti-friction rollers in the spaces between 5 the bars A and B BX, and confined by the shoulders AX, A, and b, and means, substantially as specified, for moving the j ambing-bar endwise and forcing the inclosing-bars apart, and, vice versa, allowing them to come together, subro stantially as set forth, whereby the required power is obtained and. the splitting action concentrated and gradual, substantially as set forth. y

2. The combination of an inner jambingr 5 bar, A A A2, having shoulders AX A0, the inelosing channeled bars or feathers VB and BX, with shoulders b, and the anti-friction rollers C, arrangedin theintermediatetaperingspaces, confined by the shoulders AX, A", and b, the said feathers B B .being united to a auge, D, which rests against the face of the coal, and the screw Azof the jambing-bar having a nut, E,`with pawl-wheel E,and square E2, for ratchet handle or lever, and provided 4with supple- 2 5 nientary or slower purchase device, with square for ratchet handle or lever, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with an inner jambingbar with screwed end and inclosing bars or 3o feathers, with abutting shoulder or flange D,

and rollers arranged in intermediate tapering spaces, of a nut, E, on said jambing-bars, with pawl-wheel E', Aand square E2, for ratchet lever or handle, a supplementary purchase-fork, G, A swiveling on said nut and provided with a 3 5 pawl, and having an internal cam-surface, G',

for a roller, H3, to work against,which operates in conjunction with the boss of the lever H, on which it is mounted, said lever pivoting on a fulcrum, D', on the aforesaid fiange D, and be- 4o ing provided with a square, Ht, for ratchet lever or handle to work such supplementary or slower purchase-gearfsubstantially as set forth.

4: The combination, with an inner jambingf bar with screwed end and inclosing bars or 45 feathers, with abuttingshoulder or ange D, and rollers arranged in -intermediate tapering spaces, of a nut, E, on said jambing-bar, and taperroll'ers between the flangeA D and the nut E, for diminishing the friction, substantially 5o as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature, in presence of two witnesses, this 8th day of February, 1886.

CUTHBT. BURNETT.

' Witnesses:

JOHN MASON,

Musgrave Street, West Hartlepool. BENJAMIN KELoMPToN,

9 Anson Street, l/V est Hartlepool. 

